Philosophy Dictionary of ArgumentsHome
| |||
|
| |||
| Intelligence: intelligence is generally, the ability of solving problems mentally. A large number of components are involved, which makes a strict definition of intelligence impossible. Typical problems are pattern recognition, continuation of sequences, paraphrasing of language utterances. See also computation, artificial intelligence, strong artificial intelligence, thinking, knowledge, understanding, memory, psychology._____________Annotation: The above characterizations of concepts are neither definitions nor exhausting presentations of problems related to them. Instead, they are intended to give a short introduction to the contributions below. – Lexicon of Arguments. | |||
| Author | Concept | Summary/Quotes | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Stephen Jay Gould on Intelligence - Dictionary of Arguments
IV 251 Intelligence/Gould: intelligence tests were popular in the early 20th century and were carried out on recruits. IV 253 Singapore: in 1983 Singapore launched a campaign to encourage educated people to have more children, Prime Minister Le Kuan Yew feared a decline in intelligence among the population. GouldVs: fallacy: women with lower intelligence had on average more children. The reason was that less education also meant less sex education. Gould: but the sex education has nothing to do with intelligence. IV 255 Intelligence/twin research/Arthur Jensen, 1969: "Standard number": intelligence is said to be 80% hereditary. (1) IV 256 Cyril Burt, great old man of genetics, 1909: Cyril Burt's "study" (with 50 pairs of twins) is one of the most complete forgeries in the history of science. (2) Heredity/Gould: Lee Kuan Yew misinterpreted the following: wrong equation of "hereditary" with "fixed and inevitable". Definition Heredity/Gould: heredity measures how much variation in the appearance of a feature within a population can be held responsible for the genetic differences, e. g. eye colour, height, IQ. A kind of vision defect can be 100% hereditary, but can be completely compensated by glasses. Even if the IQ is 80% hereditary, it can still be improved through education. Cf. >Arthur Jensen. 1. Arthur R. Jensen: How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement? In: Harvard Educational Review. Bd. 39, Nr. 1, Winter 1969, S. 1–123. 2. Burbridge: Burt's twins: A question of numbers. In: Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, Volume 42, Nr. 4, S. 335–352, 2006._____________Explanation of symbols: Roman numerals indicate the source, arabic numerals indicate the page number. The corresponding books are indicated on the right hand side. ((s)…): Comment by the sender of the contribution. Translations: Dictionary of Arguments The note [Concept/Author], [Author1]Vs[Author2] or [Author]Vs[term] resp. "problem:"/"solution:", "old:"/"new:" and "thesis:" is an addition from the Dictionary of Arguments. If a German edition is specified, the page numbers refer to this edition. |
Gould I Stephen Jay Gould The Panda’s Thumb. More Reflections in Natural History, New York 1980 German Edition: Der Daumen des Panda Frankfurt 2009 Gould II Stephen Jay Gould Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes. Further Reflections in Natural History, New York 1983 German Edition: Wie das Zebra zu seinen Streifen kommt Frankfurt 1991 Gould III Stephen Jay Gould Full House. The Spread of Excellence from Plato to Darwin, New York 1996 German Edition: Illusion Fortschritt Frankfurt 2004 Gould IV Stephen Jay Gould The Flamingo’s Smile. Reflections in Natural History, New York 1985 German Edition: Das Lächeln des Flamingos Basel 1989 |
||
> Counter arguments against Gould
> Counter arguments in relation to Intelligence
Ed. Martin Schulz, access date 2024-04-27